diff --git a/apps/api/src/app/__tests__/route-registry.test.ts b/apps/api/src/app/__tests__/route-registry.test.ts
index edfb790..3c43f7f 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/app/__tests__/route-registry.test.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/app/__tests__/route-registry.test.ts
@@ -39,12 +39,32 @@ describe('路由注册表', () => {
   it('数组归属原样回', () => {
     expect(registry.lookup('GET', '/api/gov/staff')).toEqual(['design', 'ops']);
   });
-  it('has 按注册时的模版查', () => {
+  it('has 认的是注册时的模版,lookup 认的是实际路径', () => {
     expect(registry.has('POST', '/api/gov/tasks/:taskId/control')).toBe(true);
     expect(registry.has('GET', '/api/gov/tasks/:taskId/control')).toBe(false);
     expect(registry.has('GET', '/api/health')).toBe(true);
     expect(registry.size).toBe(9);
   });
+  it('参数名换一个:lookup 还是能匹配(参数段认任意值),has 就说没有', () => {
+    // 注册的模版是 `:taskId`,lookup('/api/gov/tasks/:otherName/control') 的
+    // `:otherName` 满足参数段的 [^/]+ 正则,lookup 会命中;
+    // 但 has 只认注册时的模版名,两者语义不同
+    expect(registry.lookup('POST', '/api/gov/tasks/:otherName/control')).toBe('ops');
+    expect(registry.has('POST', '/api/gov/tasks/:otherName/control')).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('字面优先于参数段 —— 同一个路径两边都能匹配时', () => {
+  const collide = buildRouteRegistry([
+    { method: 'GET', path: '/api/gov/:zone', access: 'design' },
+    { method: 'GET', path: '/api/gov/staff', access: ['design', 'ops'] },
+  ]);
+  it('字面赢', () => {
+    expect(collide.lookup('GET', '/api/gov/staff')).toEqual(['design', 'ops']);
+  });
+  it('没有字面可命中时才落到参数段', () => {
+    expect(collide.lookup('GET', '/api/gov/tools')).toBe('design');
+  });
 });
 
 describe('routesOf —— 从契约命名空间挑路由', () => {
@@ -61,3 +81,50 @@ describe('routesOf —— 从契约命名空间挑路由', () => {
     for (const r of all) expect(reg.has(r.method, r.path), `${r.method} ${r.path}`).toBe(true);
   });
 });
+
+describe('建表自检 —— 两条模版能撞就不许建', () => {
+  const reg = (routes: Parameters<typeof buildRouteRegistry>[0]) => () => buildRouteRegistry(routes);
+  it('同方法、同段数、逐位兼容 → 抛错', () => {
+    expect(
+      reg([
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/a/:x', access: 'ops' },
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/:y/b', access: 'design' },
+      ]),
+    ).toThrow(/同一个具体路径/);
+  });
+  it('方法不同不算撞', () => {
+    expect(
+      reg([
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/a/:x', access: 'ops' },
+        { method: 'POST', path: '/api/:y/b', access: 'design' },
+      ]),
+    ).not.toThrow();
+  });
+  it('段数不同不算撞', () => {
+    expect(
+      reg([
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/a/:x', access: 'ops' },
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/:y/b/c', access: 'design' },
+      ]),
+    ).not.toThrow();
+  });
+  it('字面段对不上不算撞', () => {
+    expect(
+      reg([
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/a/:x', access: 'ops' },
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/b/:y', access: 'design' },
+      ]),
+    ).not.toThrow();
+  });
+  it('字面与参数并存不算撞 —— 那是有意的优先级', () => {
+    expect(
+      reg([
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/gov/:zone', access: 'design' },
+        { method: 'GET', path: '/api/gov/staff', access: 'ops' },
+      ]),
+    ).not.toThrow();
+  });
+  it('真实 95 条契约路由建得起来(没有暗撞)', () => {
+    expect(() => buildRouteRegistry(routesOf(Object.values(contracts)))).not.toThrow();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/api/src/app/route-registry.ts b/apps/api/src/app/route-registry.ts
index 9f333f2..625d772 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/app/route-registry.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/app/route-registry.ts
@@ -53,6 +53,21 @@ function matcherOf(pattern: string): RegExp {
   return new RegExp(`^${body}$`);
 }
 
+/**
+ * 两条模版会不会匹配到同一个具体路径:同段数,且每一位都兼容
+ * (参数段与任何段兼容;字面段只与相同的字面兼容)。
+ */
+function canCollide(a: string, b: string): boolean {
+  const sa = a.split('/');
+  const sb = b.split('/');
+  if (sa.length !== sb.length) return false;
+  return sa.every((seg, i) => {
+    const other = sb[i] ?? '';
+    if (seg.startsWith(':') || other.startsWith(':')) return true;
+    return seg === other;
+  });
+}
+
 export function buildRouteRegistry(routes: readonly RegisteredRoute[]): RouteRegistry {
   const literal = new Map<string, RouteAccess>();
   const patterns: Array<{ method: string; pattern: string; re: RegExp; access: RouteAccess }> = [];
@@ -60,6 +75,26 @@ export function buildRouteRegistry(routes: readonly RegisteredRoute[]): RouteReg
     if (r.path.includes(':')) patterns.push({ method: r.method, pattern: r.path, re: matcherOf(r.path), access: r.access });
     else literal.set(`${r.method} ${r.path}`, r.access);
   }
+
+  /*
+   * 两条模版能匹配到同一个具体路径 = 查它时命中谁全看声明顺序 —— 那是**静默判错权限**,
+   * 比启动失败严重得多。契约是我们自己写的,撞了就是写错了:开发期就掀桌子。
+   * 只检模版之间;字面与参数并存是**有意的**优先级(字面赢),不算冲突。
+   */
+  for (let i = 0; i < patterns.length; i += 1) {
+    for (let j = i + 1; j < patterns.length; j += 1) {
+      const a = patterns[i];
+      const b = patterns[j];
+      if (a === undefined || b === undefined) continue;
+      if (a.method === b.method && canCollide(a.pattern, b.pattern)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `路由归属表冲突:${a.method} ${a.pattern} 与 ${a.method} ${b.pattern} 会匹配到同一个具体路径 —— ` +
+            '命中谁只看声明顺序,等于静默判错权限。改掉其中一条的路径。',
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   return {
     size: routes.length,
     lookup(method, path) {